Ib qho zoomicroscopeyuav tsum muaj peb yam ntxwv:
Kev daws teeb meem zoo: Kev daws teeb meem muaj peev xwm hais txog lub peev xwm los tsim cov duab sib cais ntawm cov khoom uas muab tso rau ze ze kom lawv tuaj yeem ua qhov txawv ntawm ob qhov chaw sib txawv. Kev daws teeb meem:
Kwv yees li ntawm 0.2 hli (200μm) rau qhov muag liab qab
Optical microscope yog hais txog 0.2μm
Electron microscopy yog hais txog 0.5 nm
. Qhov kev daws teeb meem nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov taw qhia. Roj muaj qhov siab dua qhov ntsuas siab dua li huab cua.
Qhov sib txawv zoo: tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm kev staining tus qauv.
Zoo magnification: Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm kev siv concave lo ntsiab muag.
Brightfield los yog lub teeb microscopy
Brightfield lossis lub teeb microscopy tsim cov duab tsaus nti tawm tsam tom qab sib dua.
dark field microscopy
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Hauv darkfield microscopy, cov khoom tshwm ci ntsa iab tiv thaiv qhov tsaus ntuj. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv tshwj xeeb darkfield condensers.
Daim ntaub ntawv: Siv los txheeb xyuas cov hlwb uas muaj peev xwm, tsis muaj kab mob thiab cov kab mob nyias xws li Spirochaetes uas tsis tuaj yeem soj ntsuam los ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo.
Phase contrast microscope
Nws pom cov hlwb nyob los ntawm kev tsim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlwb thiab dej. Nws hloov pauv hloov maj mam sib txawv hauv qhov ntsuas refractive thiab cell ceev mus rau hauv cov kev hloov pauv yooj yim hauv lub teeb siv.
Siv tau rau kev kawm:
microbial zog
Txiav txim siab cov duab ntawm cov cell nyob
Tshawb xyuas cov kab mob xws li endospores thiab lub cev suav nrog.
Fluorescence microscope
Nws ua haujlwm li cas: Thaum cov fluorescent dyes raug rau ultraviolet (UV) lub teeb, lawv zoo siab thiab fluoresce, piv txwv li, lawv hloov qhov pom tsis tau, luv-yav duab hluav taws xob mus rau lub teeb ntev wavelength (pom pom).
Daim ntaub ntawv: Epifluorescence microscopy muaj cov ntawv hauv qab no:
Autofluoresces thaum muab tso rau hauv UV teeb, xws li cyclosporine
Cov kab mob coated nrog fluorescent dyes, xws li atriol txiv kab ntxwv rau malaria parasites (QBC) thiab aurinol rau Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Immunoflluorescence: nws siv tshuaj tua kab mob sau npe nrog fluorescent dyes kom pom tias cell saum npoo av uas khi cell saum npoo av ovigens. Muaj peb hom: direct IF, indirect IF, thiab ntws cytometry.
electron microscope
Nws tau tsim los ntawm Ernst Ruska hauv xyoo 1931. Nws txawv ntawm lub teeb microscopy nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv.
Muaj ob hom EM:
Kev xa tawm EM (MC hom, tshuaj xyuas cov qauv sab hauv, kev daws teeb meem 0.5 nm, muab qhov pom ob sab)
Scanning EM (xws li saum npoo nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 7 nm, muab 3D pom)
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob microscopy
Kev Npaj Qauv: Ua cov kauj ruam hauv qab no ntawm cov hlwb los npaj cov qauv nyias nyias (20 txog 100 nm tuab)
Fixation: Kho cov hlwb siv glutaraldehyde los yog tetroxide kom stabilize lawv.
Lub cev qhuav dej: Cov qauv tom qab ntawd lub cev qhuav dej siv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li acetone lossis ethanol.
Embedding: Cov qauv yog embedded nyob rau hauv ib tug yas polymer, uas ces hardens los ua ib tug khoom loj. Feem ntau cov yas polymers yog dej-insoluble. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua kom lub cev qhuav dej ua ntej embedded.
Kev faib tawm: Cov qauv yog txiav mus rau hauv nyias ntu nrog ib qho ultramicrotome thiab cov seem yog mounted rau ntawm hlau slides (tooj liab).
Cov txheej txheem khov-etching: Qhov no yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev pom cov organelles hauv hlwb rau kev npaj cov qauv.
Cov hlwb tau khov sai sai, tom qab ntawd rhuab → ruptured siv rab riam los nthuav tawm cov organelles sab hauv → sublimated → npog nrog platinum thiab carbon txheej.
Kev ntsuas los txhim kho EM qhov sib txawv suav nrog:
Staining nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsev hnyav hlau xws li lead citrate thiab uranyl acetate
Tsis zoo staining nrog hnyav hlau xws li phosphotungstic acid los yog uranyl acetate.
Shading: Cov qauv yog coated nrog nyias zaj duab xis ntawm platinum lossis lwm yam hlau hnyav ntawm lub kaum sab xis 45 degree kom cov hlau tsoo cov kab mob ntawm ib sab.
